If you disable a MAILBOX in EXCHANGE, the account is available for 30 days by default. However if you disable a MAILBOX in EXCHANGE and you disable an AD account, the MAILBOX will not show as a disconnected MAILBOX.
Here's how to get it back on demand.
First, check to see the RETENTION settings of the MAILBOXDATABASE:
$Get-MailboxDatabase "Mailbox-Database-Name-Here" | fl | grep MailboxRetention
Now, let's make sure that the MAILBOX is still in the MAILBOXDATABASE:
$Get-MailboxStatistics -Database "Mailbox-Database-Name-Here"
You will see all the accounts. Once you see the account that you want back, you will need the full DISPLAY NAME of the account needed.
$Get-MailboxStatistics -Database "Mailbox-Database-Name-Here" | fl | grep -i any-part-of-account-name-here
Lastly, let's reconnect the MAILBOX and connect it to an ACCOUNT:
$Get-MailboxDatabase -Identity "Mailbox-Database-Name-Here" | Get-MailboxStatistics | Where { $_.Displayname -eq "full-display-name-here)" } | Connect-Mailbox -User "username-here"